1 Examination Techniques
Introduction
Psychophysical tests
Perimetry
Slit lamp biomicroscopy of the anterior segment
Fundus examination
Tonometry
Gonioscopy
Central corneal thickness
2 Eyelids
Introduction
Non-neoplastic lesions
Benign epidermal tumours
Benign pigmented lesions
Benign adnexal tumours
Miscellaneous benign tumours
Malignant tumours
Disorders of the eyelashes
Allergic disorders
Immune-related inflammation
Bacterial infections
Viral infections
Blepharitis
Ptosis
Ectropion
Entropion
Miscellaneous acquired disorders
Cosmetic eyelid and periocular surgery
Congenital malformations
3 Lacrimal Drainage System
Introduction
Acquired obstruction
Congenital obstruction
Chronic canaliculitis
Dacryocystitis
4 Orbit
Introduction
Thyroid eye disease
Infections
Non-infective inflammatory disease
Non-neoplastic vascular abnormalities
Cystic lesions
Vascular tumours
Lacrimal gland tumours
Neural tumours
Lymphoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Metastatic tumours
The anophthalmic socket
Craniosynostoses
5 Dry Eye
Introduction
Sjögren syndrome
Clinical features
Investigation
Treatment
6 Conjunctiva
Introduction
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Viral conjunctivitis
Allergic conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis in blistering mucocutaneous disease
Miscellaneous disorders of the conjunctiva
Degenerations
Subconjunctival haemorrhage
7 Cornea
Introduction
Bacterial keratitis
Fungal keratitis
Herpes simplex keratitis
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
Interstitial keratitis
Protozoan keratitis
Helminthic keratitis
Bacterial hypersensitivity-mediated corneal disease
Rosacea
Peripheral corneal ulceration/thinning
Neurotrophic keratopathy
Exposure keratopathy
Miscellaneous keratopathies
Corneal ectasia
Corneal dystrophy
Corneal degeneration
Metabolic keratopathy
Contact lenses
Congenital anomalies of the cornea and globe
8 Corneal and Refractive Surgery
Keratoplasty
Keratoprostheses
Refractive procedures
9 Episclera and Sclera
Anatomy
Episcleritis
Immune-mediated scleritis
Porphyria
Infectious scleritis
Scleral discolouration
Blue sclera
Miscellaneous conditions
10 Lens
Acquired cataract
Management of age-related cataract
Congenital cataract
Ectopia lentis
Abnormalities of lens shape
11 Glaucoma
Introduction
Ocular hypertension
Overview of glaucoma
Primary open-angle glaucoma
Normal-tension glaucoma
Primary angle-closure glaucoma
Classification of secondary glaucoma
Pseudoexfoliation
Pigment dispersion syndrome and pigmentary glaucoma
Neovascular glaucoma
Inflammatory glaucoma
Steroid-induced glaucoma
Lens-related glaucoma
Traumatic glaucoma
Ghost cell ‘glaucoma’
Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome
Glaucoma associated with intraocular tumours
Glaucoma secondary to epithelial ingrowth
Iridoschisis
Primary congenital glaucoma
Iridocorneal dysgenesis
Glaucoma in phacomatoses
Medical treatment of glaucoma
Laser treatment of glaucoma
Trabeculectomy
Non-penetrating glaucoma surgery
Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS)
Drainage shunts
12 Uveitis
Classification
Clinical features
Investigation
Treatment
Immunomodulatory therapy for non-infectious uveitis
Uveitis in spondyloarthropathies
Fuchs uveitis syndrome
Uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
Uveitis in bowel disease
Uveitis in renal disease
Intermediate uveitis
Vogt–koyanagi–harada (VKH) syndrome
Sympathetic ophthalmitis
Lens-induced uveitis
Sarcoidosis
Behçet disease
Parasitic uveitis
Viral uveitis
Fungal uveitis
Bacterial uveitis
Miscellaneous idiopathic chorioretinopathies
13 Retinal Vascular Disease
Retinal circulation
Diabetic retinopathy
Non-diabetic retinopathy
Retinal venous occlusive disease
Retinal arterial occlusive disease
Ocular ischaemic syndrome
Hypertensive eye disease
Sickle-cell retinopathy
Thalassaemia retinopathy
Retinopathy of prematurity
Retinal artery macroaneurysm
Primary retinal telangiectasia
Eales disease
Radiation retinopathy
Purtscher retinopathy
Valsalva retinopathy
Lipaemia retinalis
Retinopathy in blood disorders
14 Acquired Macular Disorders
Introduction
Clinical evaluation of macular disease
Investigation of macular disease
Age-related macular degeneration
Retinal angiomatous proliferation
Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
Peripheral exudative haemorrhagic chorioretinopathy
Idiopathic choroidal neovascularization
Vitreomacular interface disorders
Central serous chorioretinopathy
Idiopathic macular telangiectasia
Cystoid
Microcystic macular oedema
Degenerative myopia
Angioid streaks
Choroidal folds
Hypotony maculopathy
Solar retinopathy
Focal choroidal excavation
Dome-shaped macula
Low visual aids
15 Hereditary Fundus Dystrophies
Introduction
Investigation
Generalized photoreceptor dystrophies
Macular dystrophies
Generalized choroidal dystrophies
Hereditary vitreoretinopathies
Albinism
Cherry-red spot at the macula
16 Retinal Detachment
Introduction
Peripheral lesions predisposing to retinal detachment
Posterior vitreous detachment
Retinal breaks
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Tractional retinal detachment
Exudative retinal detachment
Pars plana vitrectomy
17 Vitreous Opacities
Strabismus
Introduction
Amblyopia
Clinical evaluation
Pseudostrabismus
Heterophoria
Vergence abnormalities
Esotropia
Exotropia
Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders
Monocular elevation deficiency
Brown syndrome
Alphabet patterns
Surgery
Complications of strabismus surgery
Botulinum toxin chemodenervation
18 Neuro-ophthalmology
Neuroimaging
Optic nerve
Pupils
Chiasm
Retrochiasmal pathways
Ocular motor nerves
Supranuclear disorders of ocular motility
Nystagmus
Ocular myopathies
Miller Fisher syndrome
Neurofibromatosis
Migraine
Neuralgias
Facial spasm
Disorders of circadian rhythm
Neuro-ophthalmology of space flight
19 Ocular Tumours
Benign epibulbar tumours
Malignant and premalignant epibulbar tumours
Iris tumours
Iris cysts
Ciliary body tumours
Tumours of the choroid
Neural retinal tumours
Retinal vascular tumours
Primary intraocular lymphoma
Tumours of the retinal pigment epithelium
Paraneoplastic syndromes
20 Ophthalmic Side Effects of Systemic Medication
Eyelids
Cornea
Ciliary effusion
Lens
Uveitis
Retina
Optic nerve
Visual cortex
21 Trauma
Eyelid trauma
Orbital trauma
Trauma to the globe
Chemical injuries
Thermal burns
Index
Table