Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics E-Book, 21st Edition

PART I
The Field of Pediatrics
1 Overview Of Pediatrics
2 Child Health Disparities
3 Global Child Health
4 Quality And Value In Healthcare For Children
5 Safety In Healthcare For Children
6 Ethics In Pediatric Care
7 Pediatric Palliative Care
8 Domestic And International Adoption
9 Foster And Kinship Care
10 Medical Evaluation Of The Foreign-Born Child
11 Cultural Issues In Pediatric Care
12 Maximizing Children’S Health: Screening, Anticipatory Guidance, And Counseling
13 Injury Control
14 Impact Of Violence On Children
15 Child Trafficking For Sex And Labor
16 Abused And Neglected Children
17 Strategies For Health Behavior Change

PART II
Growth, Development, and Behavior
18 Developmental And Behavioral Theories
19 Positive Parenting And Support
20 Assessment Of Fetal Growth And Development
21 The Newborn
22 The First Year
23 The Second Year
24 The Preschool Years
25 Middle Childhood
26 Adolescence
27 Assessment Of Growth
28 Developmental And Behavioral Surveillance And Screening
29 Childcare
30 Loss, Separation, And Bereavement
31 Sleep Medicine

PART III
Behavioral and Psychiatric Disorders
32 Psychosocial Assessment And Interviewing
33 Psychopharmacology
34 Psychotherapy And Psychiatric Hospitalization
35 Somatic Symptom And Related Disorders
36 Rumination And Pica
37 Motor Disorders And Habits
38 Anxiety Disorders
39 Mood Disorders
40 Suicide And Attempted Suicide
41 Eating Disorders
42 Disruptive, Impulse-Control, And Conduct Disorders
43 Tantrums And Breath-Holding Spells
44 Lying, Stealing, And Truancy
45 Aggression
46 Self-Injurious Behavior
47 Childhood Psychoses

PART IV
Learning and Developmental Disorders
48 Neurodevelopmental And Executive Function And Dysfunction
49 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
50 Dyslexia
51 Math And Writing Disabilities
52 Language Development And Communication Disorders
53 Developmental Delay And Intellectual Disability
54 Autism Spectrum Disorder

PART V
Nutrition
55 Nutritional Requirements
56 Feeding Healthy Infants, Children, And Adolescents
57 Nutrition, Food Security, And Health
58 Refeeding Syndrome
59 Malnutrition
60 Overweight And Obesity
61 Vitamin A Deficiencies And Excess
62 Vitamin B Complex Deficiencies And Excess
63 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Deficiency And Excess
64 Vitamin D Deficiency (Rickets) And Excess
65 Vitamin E Deficiency
66 Vitamin K Deficiency
67 Micronutrient Mineral Deficiencies

PART VI
Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders
68 Electrolyte And Acid-Base Disorders
69 Maintenance And Replacement Therapy
70 Deficit Therapy
71 Fluid And Electrolyte Treatment Of Specific Disorders

PART VII
Pediatric Drug Therapy
72 Pediatric Pharmacogenetics, Pharmacogenomics, And Pharmacoproteomics
73 Principles Of Drug Therapy
74 Anesthesia And Perioperative Care
75 Procedural Sedation
76 Pediatric Pain Management
77 Poisoning
78 Complementary Therapies And Integrative Medicine

PART VIII
Emergency Medicine and Critical Care
79 Emergency Medical Services For Children
80 Triage Of The Acutely Ill Child
81 Pediatric Emergencies And Resuscitation
82 Acute Care Of Multiple Trauma
83 Spinal Cord Injuries In Children
84 Care Of Abrasions And Minor Lacerations
85 Neurologic Emergencies And Stabilization
86 Brain Death
87 Syncope
88 Shock
89 Respiratory Distress And Failure
90 Altitude-Associated Illness In Children (Acute Mountain Sickness)
91 Drowning And Submersion Injury
92 Burn Injuries
93 Cold Injuries

PART IX
Human Genetics
94 Integration Of Genetics Into Pediatric Practice
95 The Genetic Approach In Pediatric Medicine
96 The Human Genome
97 Patterns Of Genetic Transmission
98 Cytogenetics
99 Genetics Of Common Disorders
100 Epigenome-Wide Association Studies And Disease
101 Genetic Approaches To Rare And Undiagnosed Diseases

PART X
Metabolic Disorders
102 An Approach To Inborn Errors Of Metabolism
103 Defects In Metabolism Of Amino Acids
104 Defects In Metabolism Of Lipids
105 Defects In Metabolism Of Carbohydrates
106 Mitochondrial Disease Diagnosis
107 Mucopolysaccharidoses
108 Disorders Of Purine And Pyrimidine Metabolism
109 Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (Progeria)
110 The Porphyrias
111 Hypoglycemia

PART XI
The Fetus and the Neonatal Infant
112 Overview Of Mortality And Morbidity
113 The Newborn Infant
114 High-Risk Pregnancies
115 The Fetus
116 Fetal Intervention And Surgery
117 The High-Risk Infant
118 Transport Of The Critically Ill Newborn
119 Clinical Manifestations Of Diseases In The Newborn Period
120 Nervous System Disorders
121 Neonatal Resuscitation And Delivery Room Emergencies
122 Respiratory Tract Disorders
123 Digestive System Disorders
124 Blood Disorders
125 The Umbilicus
126 Abstinence Syndromes
127 The Endocrine System
128 Dysmorphology
129 Epidemiology Of Infections
130 Healthcare-Acquired Infections
131 Congenital And Perinatal Infections

PART XII
Adolescent Medicine
132 Adolescent Physical And Social Development
133 Gender And Sexual Identity
134 Gay, Lesbian, And Bisexual Adolescents
135 Transgender Care
136 The Epidemiology Of Adolescent Health Problems
137 Delivery Of Health Care To Adolescents
138 Transitioning To Adult Care
139 Violent Behavior
140 Substance Abuse
141 The Breast
142 Menstrual Problems
143 Contraception
144 Adolescent Pregnancy
145 Adolescent Sexual Assault
146 Sexually Transmitted Infections
147 Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions

PART XIII
Immunology
Section 1 EVALUATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
148 Evaluation Of Suspected Immunodeficiency
Section 2 THE T-, B-, AND NK-CELL SYSTEMS
149 Lymphocyte Development And Function
150 Primary Defects Of Antibody Production
151 Primary Defects Of Cellular Immunity
152 Immunodeficiencies Affecting Multiple Cell Types
Section 3 THE PHAGOCYTIC SYSTEM
153 Neutrophils
154 Monocytes, Macrophages, And Dendritic Cells
155 Eosinophils
156 Disorders Of Phagocyte Function
157 Leukopenia
158 Leukocytosis
Section 4 THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM
159 Complement Components And Pathways
160 Disorders Of The Complement System
Section 5 HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION
161 Principles And Clinical Indications Of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
162 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation From Alternative Sources And Donors
163 Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Rejection, And Venoocclusive Disease
164 Infectious Complications Of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
165 Late Effects Of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

PART XIV
Allergic Disorders
166 Allergy And The Immunologic Basis Of Atopic Disease
167 Diagnosis Of Allergic Disease
168 Allergic Rhinitis
169 Childhood Asthma
170 Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic Eczema)
171 Insect Allergy
172 Ocular Allergies
173 Urticaria (Hives) And Angioedema
174 Anaphylaxis
175 Serum Sickness
176 Food Allergy And Adverse Reactions To Foods
177 Adverse Reactions To Drugs

PART XV
Rheumatic Diseases of Childhood (Connective Tissue Disease, Collagen Vascular Diseases)
178 Evaluation Of Suspected Rheumatic Disease
179 Treatment Of Rheumatic Diseases
180 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
181 Ankylosing Spondylitis And Other Spondyloarthritides
182 Reactive And Postinfectious Arthritis
183 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
184 Juvenile Dermatomyositis
185 Scleroderma And Raynaud Phenomenon
186 Behçet Disease
187 Sjögren Syndrome
188 Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes And Other Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases
189 Amyloidosis
190 Sarcoidosis
191 Kawasaki Disease
192 Vasculitis Syndromes
193 Musculoskeletal Pain Syndromes
194 Miscellaneous Conditions Associated With Arthritis

PART XVI
Infectious Diseases
Section 1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
195 Diagnostic Microbiology
196 The Microbiome And Pediatric Health
Section 2 PREVENTIVE MEASURES
197 Immunization Practices
198 Infection Prevention And Control
199 Childcare And Communicable Diseases
200 Health Advice For Children Traveling Internationally
201 Fever
202 Fever Without A Focus In The Neonate And Young Infant
203 Fever In The Older Child
204 Fever Of Unknown Origin
205 Infections In Immunocompromised Persons
206 Infection Associated With Medical Devices
Section 3 ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY
207 Principles Of Antibacterial Therapy
Section 4 GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL
Section 4 GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
208 Staphylococcus
209 Streptococcus Pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
210 Group A Streptococcus
211 Group B Streptococcus
212 Non–Group A Or B Streptococci
213 Enterococcus
214 Diphtheria (Corynebacterium Diphtheriae)
215 Listeria Monocytogenes
216 Actinomyces
217 Nocardia
Section 5 GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL
Section 5 GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
218 Neisseria Meningitidis (Meningococcus)
219 Neisseria Gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
220 Kingella Kingae
221 Haemophilus Influenzae
222 Chancroid (Haemophilus Ducreyi)
223 Moraxella Catarrhalis
224 Pertussis (Bordetella Pertussis And Bordetella Parapertussis)
225 Salmonella
226 Shigella
227 Escherichia Coli
228 Cholera
229 Campylobacter
230 Yersinia
231 Aeromonas And Plesiomonas
232 Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, And Stenotrophomonas
233 Tularemia (Francisella Tularensis)
234 Brucella
235 Legionella
236 Bartonella
Section 6 ANAEROBIC BACTERIAL
Section 6 ANAEROBIC BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
237 Botulism (Clostridium Botulinum)
238 Tetanus (Clostridium Tetani)
239 Clostridium Difficile Infection
240 Other Anaerobic Infections
Section 7 MYCOBACTERIAL INFECTIONS
241 Principles Of Antimycobacterial Therapy
242 Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium Tuberculosis)
243 Hansen Disease (Mycobacterium Leprae)
244 Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Section 8 SPIROCHETAL INFECTIONS
245 Syphilis (Treponema Pallidum)
246 Nonvenereal Treponemal Infections
247 Leptospira
248 Relapsing Fever (Borrelia)
249 Lyme Disease (Borrelia Burgdorferi)
Section 9 MYCOPLASMAL INFECTIONS
250 Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
251 Genital Mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma Hominis, Mycoplasma Genitalium, And Ureaplasma Urealyticum)
Section 10 CHLAMYDIAL INFECTIONS
252 Chlamydia Pneumoniae
253 Chlamydia Trachomatis
254 Psittacosis (Chlamydia Psittaci)
Section 11 RICKETTSIAL INFECTIONS
255 Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses
256 Scrub Typhus (Orientia Tsutsugamushi)
257 Typhus Group Rickettsioses
258 Ehrlichiosis And Anaplasmosis
259 Q Fever (Coxiella Burnetii)
Section 12 FUNGAL INFECTIONS
260 Principles Of Antifungal Therapy
261 Candida
262 Cryptococcus Neoformans And Cryptococcus Gattii
263 Malassezia
264 Aspergillus
265 Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma Capsulatum)
266 Blastomycosis (Blastomyces Dermatitidis And Blastomyces Gilchristii)
267 Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides Species)
268 Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis
269 Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix Schenckii)
270 Mucormycosis
271 Pneumocystis Jirovecii
Section 13 VIRAL INFECTIONS
272 Principles Of Antiviral Therapy
273 Measles
274 Rubella
275 Mumps
276 Polioviruses
277 Nonpolio Enteroviruses
278 Parvoviruses
279 Herpes Simplex Virus
280 Varicella-Zoster Virus
281 Epstein-Barr Virus
282 Cytomegalovirus
283 Roseola (Human Herpesviruses 6 And 7)
284 Human Herpesvirus 8
285 Influenza Viruses
286 Parainfluenza Viruses
287 Respiratory Syncytial Virus
288 Human Metapneumovirus
289 Adenoviruses
290 Rhinoviruses
291 Coronaviruses
292 Rotaviruses, Caliciviruses, And Astroviruses
293 Human Papillomaviruses
294 Arboviral Infections
295 Dengue Fever, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, And Severe Dengue
296 Yellow Fever
297 Ebola And Other Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
298 Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
299 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
300 Rabies
301 Polyomaviruses
302 Human Immunodeficiency Virus And Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
303 Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses (1 And 2)
304 Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
Section 14 ANTIPARASITIC THERAPY
305 Principles Of Antiparasitic Therapy
Section 15 PROTOZOAN DISEASES
306 Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis
307 Amebiasis
308 Giardiasis And Balantidiasis
309 Cryptosporidium, Cystoisospora, Cyclospora, And Microsporidia
310 Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas Vaginalis)
311 Leishmaniasis (Leishmania)
312 African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness; Trypanosoma Brucei Complex)
313 American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease; Trypanosoma Cruzi)
314 Malaria (Plasmodium)
315 Babesiosis (Babesia)
316 Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma Gondii)
Section 16 HELMINTHIC DISEASES
317 Ascariasis (Ascaris Lumbricoides)
319 Trichuriasis (Trichuris Trichiura)
320 Enterobiasis (Enterobius Vermicularis)
321 Strongyloidiasis (Strongyloides Stercoralis)
322 Lymphatic Filariasis (Brugia Malayi, Brugia Timori, And Wuchereria Bancrofti)
323 Other Tissue Nematodes
324 Toxocariasis (Visceral And Ocular Larva Migrans)
325 Trichinellosis (Trichinella Spiralis)
326 Schistosomiasis (Schistosoma)
327 Flukes (Liver, Lung, And Intestinal)
328 Adult Tapeworm Infections
329 Cysticercosis
330 Echinococcosis (Echinococcus Granulosus And Echinococcus Multilocularis) 1897 Volume

PART XVII
The Digestive System
Section 1 CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE
331 Normal Digestive Tract Phenomena
332 Major Symptoms And Signs Of Digestive Tract Disorders
Section 2 THE ORAL CAVITY
333 Development And Developmental Anomalies Of The Teeth
334 Disorders Of The Oral Cavity Associated With Other Conditions
335 Malocclusion
336 Cleft Lip And Palate
337 Syndromes With Oral Manifestations
338 Dental Caries
339 Periodontal Diseases
340 Dental Trauma
341 Common Lesions Of The Oral Soft Tissues
342 Diseases Of The Salivary Glands And Jaws
343 Diagnostic Radiology In Dental Assessment
Section 3 THE ESOPHAGUS
344 Embryology, Anatomy, And Function Of The Esophagus
345 Congenital Anomalies
346 Obstructing And Motility Disorders Of The Esophagus
347 Dysmotility
348 Hiatal Hernia
349 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
350 Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Pill Esophagitis, And Infective Esophagitis
351 Esophageal Perforation
352 Esophageal Varices
353 Ingestions
Section 4 STOMACH AND INTESTINES
354 Normal Development, Structure, And Function Of The Stomach And Intestines
355 Pyloric Stenosis And Other Congenital Anomalies Of The Stomach
356 Intestinal Atresia, Stenosis, And Malrotation
357 Intestinal Duplications, Meckel Diverticulum, And Other Remnants Of The Omphalomesenteric Duct
358 Motility Disorders And Hirschsprung Disease
359 Ileus, Adhesions, Intussusception, And Closed-Loop Obstructions
360 Foreign Bodies And Bezoars
361 Peptic Ulcer Disease In Children
362 Inflammatory Bowel Disease
363 Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
364 Disorders Of Malabsorption
365 Intestinal Transplantation In Children With Intestinal Failure
366 Acute Gastroenteritis In Children
367 Chronic Diarrhea
368 Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
369 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome
370 Acute Appendicitis
371 Surgical Conditions Of The Anus And Rectum
372 Tumors Of The Digestive Tract
373 Inguinal Hernias
Section 5 EXOCRINE PANCREAS
374 Embryology, Anatomy, And Physiology Of The Pancreas
375 Pancreatic Function Tests
376 Disorders Of The Exocrine Pancreas
377 Treatment Of Pancreatic Insufficiency
378 Pancreatitis
379 Pancreatic Fluid Collections
380 Pancreatic Tumors
Section 6 THE LIVER AND BILIARY SYSTEM
381 Morphogenesis Of The Liver And Biliary System
382 Manifestations Of Liver Disease
383 Cholestasis
384 Metabolic Diseases Of The Liver
385 Viral Hepatitis
386 Liver Abscess
387 Liver Disease Associated With Systemic Disorders
388 Mitochondrial Hepatopathies
389 Autoimmune Hepatitis
390 Drug- And Toxin-Induced Liver Injury
391 Acute Hepatic Failure
392 Cystic Diseases Of The Biliary Tract And Liver
393 Diseases Of The Gallbladder
394 Portal Hypertension And Varices
395 Liver Transplantation
Section 7 PERITONEUM
396 Peritoneal Malformations
397 Ascites
398 Peritonitis
399 Epigastric Hernia

PART XVIII
The Respiratory System
Section 1 DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION
400 Diagnostic Approach To Respiratory Disease
401 Chronic Or Recurrent Respiratory Symptoms
402 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
403 Brief Resolved Unexplained Events And Other Acute Events In Infants
Section 2 DISORDERS OF THE RESPIRATORY
Section 2 DISORDERS OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT
404 Congenital Disorders Of The Nose
405 Acquired Disorders Of The Nose
406 Nasal Polyps
407 The Common Cold
408 Sinusitis
409 Acute Pharyngitis
410 Retropharyngeal Abscess, Lateral Pharyngeal (Parapharyngeal) Abscess, And Peritonsillar Cellulitis/Abscess
411 Tonsils And Adenoids
412 Acute Inflammatory Upper Airway Obstruction (Croup, Epiglottitis, Laryngitis, And Bacterial Tracheitis)
413 Congenital Anomalies Of The Larynx, Trachea, And Bronchi
414 Foreign Bodies In The Airway
415 Laryngotracheal Stenosis And Subglottic Stenosis
416 Bronchomalacia And Tracheomalacia
417 Neoplasms Of The Larynx, Trachea, And Bronchi
418 Wheezing, Bronchiolitis, And Bronchitis
419 Plastic Bronchitis
420 Emphysema And Overinflation
421 ?1-Antitrypsin Deficiency And Emphysema
422 Other Distal Airway Diseases
423 Congenital Disorders Of The Lung
424 Pulmonary Edema
425 Aspiration Syndromes
426 Chronic Recurrent Aspiration
427 Immune And Inflammatory Lung Disease
428 Community-Acquired Pneumonia
429 Pleurisy, Pleural Effusions, And Empyema
430 Bronchiectasis
431 Pulmonary Abscess
432 Cystic Fibrosis
433 Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (Immotile Cilia Syndrome, Kartagener Syndrome)
434 Diffuse Lung Diseases In Childhood
435 Pulmonary Hemosiderosis
436 Pulmonary Embolism, Infarction, And Hemorrhage
437 Atelectasis
438 Pulmonary Tumors
439 Pneumothorax
440 Pneumomediastinum
441 Hydrothorax
442 Hemothorax
443 Chylothorax
444 Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
445 Skeletal Diseases Influencing Pulmonary Function
446 Chronic Respiratory Insufficiency

PART XIX
The Cardiovascular System
Section 1 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
447 Cardiac Development
448 The Fetal To Neonatal Circulatory Transition
Section 2 EVALUATION OF THE
Section 2 EVALUATION OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND THE CHILD
449 History And Physical Examination In Cardiac Evaluation
450 Laboratory Cardiac Evaluation
Section 3 CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
451 Epidemiology And Genetic Basis Of Congenital Heart Disease
452 Evaluation And Screening Of The Infant Or Child With Congenital Heart Disease
453 Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Left-To-Right Shunt Lesions
454 Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Obstructive Lesions
455 Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Regurgitant Lesions
456 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Evaluation Of The Critically Ill Neonate With Cyanosis And Respiratory Distress
457 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Lesions Associated With Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow
458 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Lesions Associated With Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow
459 Other Congenital Heart And Vascular Malformations
460 Pulmonary Hypertension
461 General Principles Of Treatment Of Congenital Heart Disease
Section 4 CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS
462 Disturbances Of Rate And Rhythm Of The Heart
463 Sudden Death
Section 5 ACQUIRED HEART DISEASE
464 Infective Endocarditis
465 Rheumatic Heart Disease
Section 6 DISEASES OF THE MYOCARDIUM
Section 6 DISEASES OF THE MYOCARDIUM AND PERICARDIUM
466 Diseases Of The Myocardium
467 Diseases Of The Pericardium
468 Tumors Of The Heart
Section 7 CARDIAC THERAPEUTICS
469 Heart Failure
470 Pediatric Heart And Heart-Lung Transplantation
Section 8 DISEASES OF THE PERIPHERAL
Section 8 DISEASES OF THE PERIPHERAL VASCULAR SYSTEM
471 Diseases Of The Blood Vessels (Aneurysms And Fistulas)
472 Systemic Hypertension

PART XX
Diseases of the Blood
Section 1 THE HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM
473 Development Of The Hematopoietic System
474 The Anemias
Section 2 ANEMIAS OF INADEQUATE PRODUCTION
475 Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia (Diamond-Blackfan Anemia)
476 Pearson Syndrome
477 Acquired Pure Red Blood Cell Anemia
478 Anemia Of Chronic Disease And Renal Disease
479 Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemias
480 Physiologic Anemia Of Infancy
481 Megaloblastic Anemias
482 Iron-Deficiency Anemia
483 Other Microcytic Anemias
Section 3 HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS
484 Definitions And Classification Of Hemolytic Anemias
485 Hereditary Spherocytosis
486 Hereditary Elliptocytosis, Hereditary Pyropoikilocytosis, And Related Disorders
487 Hereditary Stomatocytosis
488 Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria And Acanthocytosis
489 Hemoglobinopathies
490 Enzymatic Defects
491 Hemolytic Anemias Resulting From Extracellular Factors—Immune Hemolytic Anemias
492 Hemolytic Anemias Secondary To Other Extracellular Factors
Section 4 POLYCYTHEMIA (ERYTHROCYTOSIS)
493 Polycythemia
494 Nonclonal Polycythemia
Section 5 THE PANCYTOPENIAS
495 Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes With Pancytopenia
496 The Acquired Pancytopenias
Section 6 BLOOD COMPONENT TRANSFUSIONS
497 Red Blood Cell Transfusions And Erythropoietin Therapy
498 Platelet Transfusions
499 Neutrophil (Granulocyte) Transfusions
500 Plasma Transfusions
501 Risks Of Blood Transfusions
Section 7 HEMORRHAGIC AND THROMBOTIC DISEASES
502 Hemostasis
503 Hereditary Clotting Factor Deficiencies (Bleeding Disorders)
504 Von Willebrand Disease
505 Hereditary Predisposition To Thrombosis
506 Thrombotic Disorders In Children
507 Postneonatal Vitamin K Deficiency
508 Liver Disease
509 Acquired Inhibitors Of Coagulation
510 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
511 Platelet And Blood Vessel Disorders
Section 8 THE SPLEEN
512 Anatomy And Function Of The Spleen
513 Splenomegaly
514 Hyposplenism, Splenic Trauma, And Splenectomy
Section 9 THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
515 Anatomy And Function Of The Lymphatic System
516 Abnormalities Of Lymphatic Vessels
517 Lymphadenopathy

PART XXI
Cancer and Benign Tumors
518 Epidemiology Of Childhood And Adolescent Cancer
519 Molecular And Cellular Biology Of Cancer
520 Principles Of Cancer Diagnosis
521 Principles Of Cancer Treatment
522 The Leukemias
523 Lymphoma
524 Brain Tumors In Childhood
525 Neuroblastoma
526 Neoplasms Of The Kidney
527 Soft Tissue Sarcomas
528 Neoplasms Of Bone
529 Retinoblastoma
530 Gonadal And Germ Cell Neoplasms
531 Neoplasms Of The Liver
532 Benign Vascular Tumors
533 Rare Tumors
534 Histiocytosis Syndromes Of Childhood

PART XXII
Nephrology
Section 1 GLOMERULAR DISEASE
535 Introduction To Glomerular Diseases
Section 2 CONDITIONS PARTICULARLY
Section 2 CONDITIONS PARTICULARLY ASSOCIATED WITH HEMATURIA
536 Clinical Evaluation Of The Child With Hematuria
537 Isolated Glomerular Diseases Associated With Recurrent Gross Hematuria
538 Multisystem Disease Associated With Hematuria
539 Tubulointerstitial Disease Associated With Hematuria
540 Vascular Diseases Associated With Hematuria
541 Anatomic Abnormalities Associated With Hematuria
542 Lower Urinary Tract Causes Of Hematuria
Section 3 CONDITIONS PARTICULARLY
Section 3 CONDITIONS PARTICULARLY ASSOCIATED WITH PROTEINURIA
543 Clinical Evaluation Of The Child With Proteinuria
544 Conditions Associated With Proteinuria
545 Nephrotic Syndrome
Section 4 TUBULAR DISORDERS
546 Tubular Function
547 Renal Tubular Acidosis
548 Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
549 Inherited Tubular Transport Abnormalities
550 Renal Failure
551 Renal Transplantation

PART XXIII
Urologic Disorders in Infants and Children
552 Congenital Anomalies And Dysgenesis Of The Kidneys
553 Urinary Tract Infections
554 Vesicoureteral Reflux
555 Obstruction Of The Urinary Tract
556 Anomalies Of The Bladder
557 Neuropathic Bladder
558 Enuresis And Voiding Dysfunction
559 Anomalies Of The Penis And Urethra
560 Disorders And Anomalies Of The Scrotal Contents
561 Trauma To The Genitourinary Tract
562 Urinary Lithiasis

PART XXIV
Gynecologic Problems of Childhood
563 Gynecologic History And Physical Examination
564 Vulvovaginitis
565 Vaginal Bleeding In The Prepubertal Child
566 Breast Concerns
567 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome And Hirsutism
568 Gynecologic Neoplasms And Adolescent Prevention Methods For Human Papillomavirus
569 Vulvovaginal And Müllerian Anomalies
570 Gynecologic Care For Girls With Special Needs
571 Female Genital Mutilation

PART XXV
The Endocrine System
Section 1 DISORDERS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND PITUITARY GLAND
572 Hormones Of The Hypothalamus And Pituitary
573 Hypopituitarism
574 Diabetes Insipidus
575 Other Abnormalities Of Arginine Vasopressin Metabolism And Action
576 Hyperpituitarism, Tall Stature, And Overgrowth Syndromes
577 Physiology Of Puberty
578 Disorders Of Pubertal Development
Section 2 DISORDERS OF THE THYROID GLAND
579 Thyroid Development And Physiology
580 Disorders Of Thyroxine-Binding Globulin
581 Hypothyroidism
582 Thyroiditis
583 Goiter
584 Thyrotoxicosis
585 Carcinoma Of The Thyroid
586 Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes
587 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes
Section 3 DISORDERS OF THE PARATHYROID GLAND
588 Hormones And Peptides Of Calcium Homeostasis And Bone Metabolism
589 Hypoparathyroidism
590 Pseudohypoparathyroidism
591 Hyperparathyroidism
Section 4 DISORDERS OF THE ADRENAL
Section 4 DISORDERS OF THE ADRENAL GLAND
592 Physiology Of The Adrenal Gland
593 Adrenocortical Insufficiency
594 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia And Related Disorders
595 Adrenocortical Tumors And Masses
596 Virilizing And Feminizing Adrenal Tumors
597 Cushing Syndrome
598 Primary Aldosteronism
599 Pheochromocytoma
Section 5 DISORDERS OF THE GONADS
600 Development And Function Of The Gonads
601 Hypofunction Of The Testes
602 Pseudoprecocity Resulting From Tumors Of The Testes
603 Gynecomastia
604 Hypofunction Of The Ovaries
605 Pseudoprecocity Resulting From Lesions Of The Ovary
606 Disorders Of Sex Development
Section 6 DIABETES MELLITUS IN CHILDREN
607 Diabetes Mellitus

PART XXVI
The Nervous System
608 Neurologic Evaluation
609 Congenital Anomalies Of The Central Nervous System
610 Deformational Plagiocephaly
611 Seizures In Childhood
612 Conditions That Mimic Seizures
613 Headaches
614 Neurocutaneous Syndromes
615 Movement Disorders
616 Encephalopathies
617 Neurodegenerative Disorders Of Childhood
618 Demyelinating Disorders Of The Central Nervous System
619 Pediatric Stroke
620 Central Nervous System Vasculitis
621 Central Nervous System Infections
622 Brain Abscess
623 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri)
624 Spinal Cord Disorders

PART XXVII
Neuromuscular Disorders
625 Evaluation And Investigation Of Neuromuscular Disorders
626 Developmental Disorders Of Muscle
627 Muscular Dystrophies
628 Endocrine And Toxic Myopathies
629 Metabolic Myopathies And Channelopathies
630 Disorders Of Neuromuscular Transmission And Of Motor Neurons
631 Hereditary Motor-Sensory Neuropathies
632 Toxic Neuropathies
633 Autonomic Neuropathies
634 Guillain-Barré Syndrome
635 Bell Palsy

PART XXVIII
Disorders of the Eye
636 Growth And Development Of The Eye
637 Examination Of The Eye
638 Abnormalities Of Refraction And Accommodation
639 Disorders Of Vision
640 Abnormalities Of Pupil And Iris
641 Disorders Of Eye Movement And Alignment
642 Abnormalities Of The Lids
643 Disorders Of The Lacrimal System
644 Disorders Of The Conjunctiva
645 Abnormalities Of The Cornea
646 Abnormalities Of The Lens
647 Disorders Of The Uveal Tract
648 Disorders Of The Retina And Vitreous
649 Abnormalities Of The Optic Nerve
650 Childhood Glaucoma
651 Orbital Abnormalities
652 Orbital Infections
653 Injuries To The Eye

PART XXIX
The Ear
654 General Considerations And Evaluation Of The Ear
655 Hearing Loss
656 Congenital Malformations Of The Ear
657 External Otitis (Otitis Externa)
658 Otitis Media
659 Acute Mastoiditis
660 The Inner Ear And Diseases Of The Bony Labyrinth
661 Traumatic Injuries Of The Ear And Temporal Bone
662 Tumors Of The Ear And Temporal Bone

PART XXX
The Skin
663 Morphology Of The Skin
664 Dermatologic Evaluation Of The Patient
665 Principles Of Dermatologic Therapy
666 Dermatologic Diseases Of The Neonate
667 Cutaneous Defects
668 Ectodermal Dysplasias
669 Vascular Disorders
670 Cutaneous Nevi
671 Hyperpigmented Lesions
672 Hypopigmented Lesions
673 Vesiculobullous Disorders
674 Eczematous Disorders
675 Photosensitivity
676 Diseases Of The Epidermis
677 Disorders Of Keratinization
678 Diseases Of The Dermis
679 Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
680 Diseases Of Subcutaneous Tissue
681 Disorders Of The Sweat Glands
682 Disorders Of Hair
683 Disorders Of The Nails
684 Disorders Of The Mucous Membranes
685 Cutaneous Bacterial Infections
686 Cutaneous Fungal Infections
687 Cutaneous Viral Infections
688 Arthropod Bites And Infestations
689 Acne
690 Tumors Of The Skin
691 Nutritional Dermatoses

PART XXXI
Bone and Joint Disorders
Section 1 ORTHOPEDIC PROBLEMS
692 Growth And Development
693 Orthopedic Evaluation Of The Child
694 The Foot And Toes
695 Torsional And Angular Deformities Of The Limb
696 Leg-Length Discrepancy
697 The Knee
698 The Hip
699 The Spine
700 The Neck
701 The Upper Limb
702 Arthrogryposis
703 Common Fractures
704 Osteomyelitis
705 Septic Arthritis
Section 2 SPORTS MEDICINE
706 Epidemiology And Prevention Of Injuries
707 Management Of Musculoskeletal Injury
Stress Fractures, and Chronic Compartment
708 Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injury (Concussion)
709 Cervical Spine Injuries
710 Heat Injuries
711 Female Athletes: Menstrual Problems And The Risk Of Osteopenia
712 Performance-Enhancing Aids
713 Specific Sports And Associated Injuries
Section 3 THE SKELETAL DYSPLASIAS
714 General Considerations In Skeletal Dysplasias
715 Disorders Involving Cartilage Matrix Proteins
716 Disorders Involving Transmembrane Receptors
717 Disorders Involving Ion Transporters
718 Disorders Involving Transcription Factors
719 Disorders Involving Defective Bone Resorption
720 Other Inherited Disorders Of Skeletal Development
721 Osteogenesis Imperfecta
722 Marfan Syndrome
Section 4 METABOLIC BONE DISEASE
723 Bone Structure, Growth, And Hormonal Regulation
724 Hypophosphatasia
725 Hyperphosphatasia
726 Osteoporosis

PART XXXII
Rehabilitation Medicine
727 Evaluation Of The Child For Rehabilitative Services
728 Rehabilitation For Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
729 Spinal Cord Injury And Autonomic Dysreflexia Management
730 Spasticity
731 Birth Brachial Plexus Palsy
732 Meningomyelocele (Spina Bifida)
733 Ambulation Assistance
734 Health And Wellness For Children With Disabilities

PART XXXIII
Environmental Health
735 Overview Of Environmental Health And Children
736 Biologic Effects Of Ionizing Radiation On Children
737 Chemical Pollutants
738 Heavy Metal Intoxication
739 Lead Poisoning
740 Nonbacterial Food Poisoning
741 Biologic And Chemical Terrorism
742 Mass Psychogenic Illness
743 Animal And Human Bites
744 Rat Bite Fever
745 Monkeypox
746 Envenomations

PART XXXIV
747 Laboratory Testing In Infants And Children
748 Reference Intervals For Laboratory Tests And Procedures