SECTION 1: UNDERSTANDING TMJ AND UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
4 Embryology and Fetal Development of Face and Neck
Roya Sohaey, MD
14 TMJ Embryology
Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD and Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD
20 Upper Respiratory Tract Embryology
Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD
26 TMJ Effect on Facial Growth
Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD, and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc
36 TMJ Effect on Upper Respiratory Tract Morphology
Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
FUNCTION AND BIOMECHANICS
40 Occlusion and Orthopedic Stability
Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, Domingo Martín, MD, DDS, and Guillermo Ochoa, BDS
48 Levers and Kinesiology of the Masticatory System
Alberto Canabez, MD, Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
52 Jaw Function, Dysfunction, and TMJ Biomechanics
Luigi M. Gallo, MEng, PhD
58 4D Mandibular Movements
Domingo Martín, MD, DDS and Alberto Canabez, MD
64 Tensegrity and the Upper Respiratory Tract
Jay Harris Levy, DDS
72 Tensegrity and the TMJ/AOJ Posture
Jay Harris Levy, DDS
80 The Tricentric Concept of Occlusion
Mariano Rocabado, PT, DPT, CCTT and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
88 Structure of Mandibular Condyle and Related TMJ Biomechanics
Le W. Huwe, BS, Ryan P. Donahue, PhD, and Jerry C. Hu, PhD
92 Structure and Function of TMJ Disc and Disc Attachments
Le W. Huwe, BS, Ryan P. Donahue, PhD, and Jerry C. Hu, PhD
96 Modeling and Remodeling of TMJ and Mandible
Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc
112 Biodynamics of Upper Respiratory Tract
Steve Carstensen, DDS, FAGD, FACD, FICD and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD
SECTION 2: ANATOMYTMJ
118 TMJ Osseous Components
Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
130 TMJ Disc/Fibrocartilage
Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
136 TMJ Capsule and Ligaments
Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
140 TMJ Histology and Synovial Fluid Composition
Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
144 TMJ Innervation
Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD and Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD
146 TMJ Vasculature
Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD, and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc
MUSCLES
150 Muscles of Mastication
Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD and Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD
152 Facial Muscles and Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System
Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR
166 Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid Neck
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD, Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, and Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD
178 Tongue
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD, Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD, and Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD
182 Posterior Cervical Muscles
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
JAWS
186 Mandible
Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
192 Maxilla
Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
200 Teeth
Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
TEMPORAL BONE
206 Temporal Bone
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
222 Sinonasal Overview
Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR
236 Ostiomeatal Unit
Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR
240 Frontal Recess and Related Air Cells
Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR
250 Nasopharynx and Oropharynx
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD and Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)
256 Hypopharynx
Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR
SKULL BASE
266 Skull Base Overview
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
272 Anterior Skull Base
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
278 Central Skull Base
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
284 Posterior Skull Base
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
CRANIAL NERVES RELATED TO TMJ
294 Cranial Nerves Overview
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
306 Trigeminal Nerve (CNV)
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
318 Facial Nerve (CNVII)
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
326 Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX)
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
332 Vagus Nerve (CNX)
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
338 Accessory Nerve (CNXI)
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
342 Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII)
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
CERVICAL SPINE AND OTHERS
348 Cervical Spine
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
366 Craniocervical Junction
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
376 Styloid Process and Stylohyoid Ligament
Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)
380 Hyoid Bone
Ronald C. Auvenshine, DDS, PhD and Nathan J. Pettit, DMD, MSD
SECTION 3: MODALITIES USED FOR TMJ AND UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT IMAGING
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
388 Imaging Decision Making
Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD
HARD TISSUE IMAGING
390 Plain Film Imaging of TMJ
Richard W. Katzberg, MD, Shikha Rathi, BDS, MS, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
396 Plain Film Imaging of Upper Respiratory Tract
Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD
398 Arthrography
Richard W. Katzberg, MD
400 Introduction to CBCT Imaging
Shikha Rathi, BDS, MS and Asma'a Al-Ekrish, MDS, Cert. Diag. Sci.
408 CBCT Analysis of TMJ
Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc
414 CBCT Analysis of Upper Respiratory Tract
Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD
424 Radiation Dose in CBCT
Asma'a Al-Ekrish, MDS, Cert. Diag. Sci. and Shikha Rathi, BDS, MS
428 Introduction to MDCT Imaging
Asma'a Al-Ekrish, MDS, Cert. Diag. Sci. and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
434 MCDT Image Acquisition and Processing for TMJ and Airway Analysis
Asma'a Al-Ekrish, MDS, Cert. Diag. Sci. and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD
SOFT TISSUE IMAGING
442 Introduction to MR Imaging
Derek D. Cissell, VMD, PhD, DACVR, Hakan Amasya, DDS, MSc, and Kaan Orhan, DDS, MSc, MHM, PhD, BA
450 Dynamic MR of TMJ and Upper Respiratory Tract
Kaan Orhan, DDS, MSc, MHM, PhD, BA, Seçil Aksoy, DDS, PhD, and Tugrul Ormeci, MD, MSc, PhD
454 Quantitative MR of Cartilage and Implications for TMJ Imaging
Derek D. Cissell, VMD, PhD, DACVR, Kaan Orhan, DDS, MSc, MHM, PhD, BA, and Gürkan Ünsal, DDS, PhD
460 Introduction to US Imaging
Kaan Orhan, DDS, MSc, MHM, PhD, BA and Hakan Amasya, DDS, MSc
468 US of TMJ and Upper Respiratory Tract
Kaan Orhan, DDS, MSc, MHM, PhD, BA and Gürkan Ünsal, DDS, PhD
474 Arthroscopy
Reem H. Hossameldin, BDS, MSc, PhD and Joseph P. McCain, DMD
SECTION 4: TMJ DIAGNOSES
CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF TMD
482 Correlation of Clinical Symptoms of TMD to Radiographic Findings
Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc
494 Functional Disorders of Muscles
Jeffrey P. Okeson, DMD, Isabel Moreno-Hay, DDS, PhD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
500 Intracapsular Disorders of TMJ
Jeffrey P. Okeson, DMD, Isabel Moreno-Hay, DDS, PhD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
CONGENITAL CONDITIONS
508 Craniofacial Malformations and Syndromes Affecting TMJ
Caroline D. Robson, MBChB, Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, and Dann Martin, MD, MS
520 Hemifacial Microsomia
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD
524 Pierre Robin Sequence
Bernadette L. Koch, MD, Caroline D. Robson, MBChB, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
528 Treacher Collins Syndrome
Bernadette L. Koch, MD, Caroline D. Robson, MBChB, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
DEVELOPMENTAL CONDITIONS
530 Condylar Hypoplasia
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)
534 Condylar Hyperplasia
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD
540 Coronoid Hyperplasia
Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
544 Hemimandibular Elongation
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD
548 Mandibular Salivary Gland Defect (Stafne)
Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD
550 Foramen Tympanicum
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
TRAUMA
552 TMJ Fracture, Adult and Neonatal
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)
558 TMJ Dislocation
C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD
560 Bifid Condyle
C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)
564 Osteochondritis Dissecans
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD
INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS
566 Rheumatoid Arthritis
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
572 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, Lubdha M. Shah, MD, and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD
578 Septic Arthritis
Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD
582 Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
Kristine M. Mosier, DMD, PhD and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc
584 Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD
DEGENERATIVE CONDITIONS
588 Degenerative Joint Disease
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD
592 Idiopathic Condylar Resorption
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD
598 Synovial Cyst
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Peruze Celenk, DDS, PhD
600 TMJ Ganglion Cyst
Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD
DISC DERANGEMENT CONDITIONS
602 MR Analysis of Normal TMJ Disc
Richard W. Katzberg, MD, Joanne Ethier, DMD, MBA, MS, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
606 Fine Structural Details of Disc and Posterior Attachment
Richard W. Katzberg, MD, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
612 Overview of Disc Displacements
Richard W. Katzberg, MD, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Joanne Ethier, DMD, MBA, MS
618 Disc Displacement With Reduction
Richard W. Katzberg, MD, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Joanne Ethier, DMD, MBA, MS
624 Disc Displacement Without Reduction
Richard W. Katzberg, MD, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Joanne Ethier, DMD, MBA, MS
630 Joint Fluid and Marrow Alterations
Richard W. Katzberg, MD, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Joanne Ethier, DMD, MBA, MS
636 Adhesions
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc
638 US of TMJ Internal Derangement
Kaan Orhan, DDS, MSc, MHM, PhD, BA and Gürkan Ünsal, DDS, PhD
ACQUIRED CONDITIONS
644 Dual Bite
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
650 Posterior Tooth Fulcrum Formation
Alberto Canabez, MD, Domingo Martín, MD, DDS, and Adina Sirbu, DMD, PhD
654 Fibrous Ankylosis
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD
656 Bony Ankylosis
C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)
658 Osteoradionecrosis
Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc
TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS
662 Primary Synovial Chondromatosis
C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD
666 Secondary Synovial Chondromatosis
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
668 Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition
C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD
BENIGN NEOPLASMS
672 Osteochondroma
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)
678 Osteoma
Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, H. Ric Harnsberger, MD, and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD
MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS
680 Chondrosarcoma
C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)
684 Osteosarcoma
C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) and Peruze Celenk, DDS, PhD
686 Metastasis
C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS
MISCELLANEOUS
688 Simple Bone Cyst
C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS
690 Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc
694 Fibrous Dysplasia
C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
OCCLUSAL STRESS-RELATED CONDITIONS
698 Attrition
Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
700 Abfraction
Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
701 Hypercementosis
Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
702 Cemental Fractures
Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
704 Alveolar Process Exostosis
Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
706 Torus Mandibularis
Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS
708 Torus Palatinus
Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS
SECTION 5: TMJ DISORDER MIMICS
ORAL CONDITIONS AFFECTING/MIMICKING TMD
712 Odontogenic Infection of Pulpal Origin
Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
716 Oral Cavity Soft Tissue Infections
Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS and Richard H. Wiggins, III, MD, CIIP, FSIIM, FAHSE, FACR
720 Osteomyelitis of Jaw
Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD
724 Perineural Tumor Spread
Deborah R. Shatzkes, MD and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD
TMD AND TEMPORAL BONE ABNORMALITIES
728 Temporal Bone and Cervical Disorders Mimicking TMD
Ben J. Balough, MD
736 Temporal Bone Anatomy and Imaging Issues
Karen L. Salzman, MD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
742 EAC-Acquired Cholesteatoma
Nicholas A. Koontz, MD
743 Necrotizing External Otitis
Philip R. Chapman, MD and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
744 Keratosis Obturans
Philip R. Chapman, MD and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
745 EAC Osteoma
Philip R. Chapman, MD and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
746 Medial Canal Fibrosis
Philip R. Chapman, MD and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
747 EAC Basal Cell Carcinoma
Nayela Keen, MD, Arnaud F. Bewley, MD, and Ben J.
Balough, MD
748 EAC Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Hilda E. Stambuk, MD
749 Acute Otomastoiditis With Abscess
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD and Caroline D. Robson, MBChB
750 Acute Otomastoiditis With Coalescent Otomastoiditis
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD and Caroline D. Robson, MBChB
751 Labyrinthitis
Bernadette L. Koch, MD and Troy A. Hutchins, MD
752 Pars Flaccida Cholesteatoma
Nicholas A. Koontz, MD
753 Temporal Bone Fibrous Dysplasia
Philip R. Chapman, MD and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
754 Temporal Bone Fractures
Deborah R. Shatzkes, MD, Troy A. Hutchins, MD, and
Bradley Strong, MD
756 Temporal Bone Perineural Parotid Malignancy
Hilda E. Stambuk, MD, Arnaud F. Bewley, MD, and Ben J. Balough, MD
CERVICAL SPINE ABNORMALITIES RELATED TO TMD OR SDB
758 Degenerative Arthritis of CVJ
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD
762 Cervical Spondylosis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD
763 Cervical Facet Arthropathy
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD
764 Ankylosing Spondylitis
Lubdha M. Shah, MD and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD
766 Rheumatoid Arthritis, Cervical Spine
Julia R. Crim, MD and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD
770 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Cervical Spine
Lubdha M. Shah, MD and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD
771 Ligamentous Injury
Lubdha M. Shah, MD and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD
772 Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD
773 Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD
774 Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition,
Cervical Spine
Lubdha M. Shah, MD and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD
775 Longus Colli Calcific Tendinitis
Lubdha M. Shah, MD and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD
MASTICATOR SPACE CONDITIONS
776 Masticator Space Overview
Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
780 Pterygoid Venous Plexus Asymmetry
Rebecca S. Cornelius, MD, FACR
781 Benign Masticator Muscle Hypertrophy
Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
782 CNV3 Motor Denervation
Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD
784 Masticator Space Abscess
Rebecca S. Cornelius, MD, FACR, Dania Tamimi, BDS,
DMSc, and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc
786 Masticator Space CNV3 Schwannoma
Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
787 Masticator Space CNV3 Perineural Tumor
Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
788 Masticator Space Chondrosarcoma
Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
790 Masticator Space Sarcoma
Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
792 Bell Palsy
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD
793 Hemifacial Spasm
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD and Can Kocasarac, MD
794 Trigeminal Neuralgia
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD and Can Kocasarac, MD
SECTION 6: SDB-RELATED UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT DIAGNOSES
CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF SDB
798 Classification of SDB Disorders
Kaan Orhan, DDS, MSc, MHM, PhD, BA, Seçil Aksoy, DDS, PhD, and Ulas Oz, DDs, PhD
800 Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of SDB
Steve Carstensen, DDS, FAGD, FACD, FICD
806 Correlation of Clinical Symptoms of SDB to
Radiographic Findings
Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD, Steve Carstensen, DDS, FAGD, FACD, FICD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
808 Nasal Risk Factors for SDB
Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
810 Paranasal Sinus Risk Factors for SDB
Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
812 Nasopharyngeal Risk Factors for SDB
Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
814 Oropharyngeal Risk Factors for SDB
Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
816 Cervical Spine-Related Risk Factors for SDB
Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD
CONGENITAL CONDITIONS THAT CARRY RISK FOR SDB
818 Cleft Lip and Palate
Roya Sohaey, MD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
822 Craniosynostoses (Crouzon)
Kevin R. Moore, MD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
824 Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
Kara G. Gill, MD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
826 Klippel-Feil Spectrum
Kevin R. Moore, MD and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD
830 Mucopolysaccharidosis
Bernadette L. Koch, MD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
831 CHARGE Syndrome
William T. O'Brien, Sr., DO, FAOCR and Caroline D. Robson, MBChB
832 Cherubism
Bernadette L. Koch, MD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
SINONASAL COMPLEX ENTITIES THAT NARROW AIRWAY
834 Nasal Cycle, Normal Physiology
Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD
ANOMALIES AND CONGENITAL CONDITIONS, SINONASAL
836 Deviated Nasal Septum
Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C)
838 Concha Bullosa
Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C)
840 Accessory Ostia
Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C)
842 Sinus Hypoplasia/Aplasia
Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C)
846 Nasolacrimal Duct Mucocele
Bernadette L. Koch, MD and Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR
847 Choanal Atresia
Bernadette L. Koch, MD and Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR
848 Congenital Nasal Pyriform Aperture Stenosis
Bernadette L. Koch, MD
849 Nasal Glioma
Bernadette L. Koch, MD and Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR
850 Nasal Dermal Sinus
Bernadette L. Koch, MD and Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR
851 Frontoethmoidal Cephalocele
Bernadette L. Koch, MD and Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR
852 Upper Airway Infantile Hemangioma
Bernadette L. Koch, MD
853 Skull Base CSF Leak
Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR and Patricia A. Hudgins, MD, FACR
INFLAMMATORY CHANGES, SINONASAL
854 Acute Rhinosinusitis
Nicholas A. Koontz, MD
858 Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Philip R. Chapman, MD
859 Allergic Fungal Sinusitis
Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD and H. Christian Davidson, MD
860 Odontogenic Sinusitis
Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C)
862 Sinus Mycetoma
Aparna Singhal, MD and H. Christian Davidson, MD
863 Invasive Fungal Sinusitis
Nicholas A. Koontz, MD
864 Sinonasal Polyposis
Nicholas A. Koontz, MD
865 Solitary Sinonasal Polyp
Philip R. Chapman, MD
866 Sinonasal Mucocele
Philip R. Chapman, MD
870 Mucus Retention Pseudocyst
Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C)
872 Sinonasal Organized Hematoma
Philip R. Chapman, MD
873 Silent Sinus Syndrome
Philip R. Chapman, MD
874 Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener)
Philip R. Chapman, MD
875 Nasal Cocaine Necrosis
Philip R. Chapman, MD
BENIGN LESIONS, SINONASAL
876 Sinonasal Fibrous Dysplasia
Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH
877 Sinonasal Osteoma
Daniel E. Meltzer, MD
878 Sinonasal Ossifying Fibroma
Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C) and Michelle A.
Michel, MD
879 Juvenile Angiofibroma
Bernadette L. Koch, MD and Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR
880 Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma
Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH
881 Sinonasal Hemangioma
Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH
882 Sinonasal Nerve Sheath Tumor
Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH
883 Sinonasal Benign Mixed Tumor
Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH
MALIGNANT LESIONS, SINONASAL
884 Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH
888 Esthesioneuroblastoma
Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH
889 Sinonasal Melanoma
Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH
890 Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma
Blair A. Winegar, MD
891 Sinonasal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH
892 Sinonasal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Blair A. Winegar, MD
893 Sinonasal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Blair A. Winegar, MD
894 Sinonasal Chondrosarcoma
Blair A. Winegar, MD
895 Sinonasal Osteosarcoma
Blair A. Winegar, MD
896 Rhabdomyosarcoma
Bernadette L. Koch, MD
897 Skull Base Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
C. Douglas Phillips, MD, FACR
NASOPHARYNGEAL ENTITIES THAT NARROW AIRWAY
ANOMALIES AND CONGENITAL CONDITIONS, NASOPHARYNX
898 Tornwaldt Cyst
Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR and Patricia A. Hudgins, MD, FACR
899 Fossa Navicularis Magna
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD and Sara Strauss, MD
900 Persistent Craniopharyngeal Canal
C. Douglas Phillips, MD, FACR
INFLAMMATORY CHANGES, NASOPHARYNX
901 Suppurative Adenopathy of Retropharyngeal Space
Bernadette L. Koch, MD and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
902 Adenoid Vegetation/Hypertrophy
Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD
BENIGN LESIONS, NASOPHARYNX
906 Benign Mixed Tumor of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space
Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR and Patricia A. Hudgins, MD, FACR
907 Plexiform Neurofibroma of Head and Neck
Daniel E. Meltzer, MD and Luke N. Ledbetter, MD
908 Posttransplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorder
Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR and Patricia A. Hudgins, MD, FACR
909 Sinus Histiocytosis (Rosai-Dorfman) of Head and Neck
H. Ric Harnsberger, MD and Kathryn E. Dean, MD
910 Invasive Pituitary Macroadenoma
C. Douglas Phillips, MD, FACR
MALIGNANT LESIONS, NASOPHARYNX
911 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Aparna Singhal, MD and Luke N. Ledbetter, MD
912 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of Pharyngeal Mucosal
Space
Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR and Patricia A. Hudgins, MD, FACR
913 Extraosseous Chordoma
Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR
914 Skull Base Plasmacytoma
Philip R. Chapman, MD
OROPHARYNGEAL ENTITIES THAT NARROW AIRWAY
ANOMALIES AND CONGENITAL CONDITIONS, OROPHARYNX
915 Congenital Vallecular Cyst
Bernadette L. Koch, MD
916 Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
Bernadette L. Koch, MD
917 Lingual Thyroid
Daniel E. Meltzer, MD
INFLAMMATORY CHANGES, OROPHARYNX
918 Retropharyngeal Space Abscess
Bernadette L. Koch, MD
919 Retention Cyst of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space
Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR
920 Tonsillar Inflammation
Bernadette L. Koch, MD and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
921 Tonsillar/Peritonsillar Abscess
Bernadette L. Koch, MD and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
BENIGN LESIONS, OROPHARYNX
922 Parotid Benign Mixed Tumor
Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
923 Carotid Space Schwannoma
Karen L. Salzman, MD
924 Parapharyngeal Space Benign Mixed Tumor
Aparna Singhal, MD and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
MALIGNANT LESIONS, OROPHARYNX
925 Parotid Malignant Mixed Tumor
Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD
926 Nodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Retropharyngeal Space
Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD
927 Minor Salivary Gland Malignancy of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space
Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR and Patricia A. Hudgins, MD, FACR
928 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of Head and Neck
Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR
929 Base of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Aparna Singhal, MD
930 Palatine Tonsil Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD and Luke N. Ledbetter, MD
931 Nodal Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Retropharyngeal Space
Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD
932 Soft Palate Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Kathryn E. Dean, MD and Luke N. Ledbetter, MD
934 HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR and Philip R. Chapman, MD
SECTION 7: TMJ RADIOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES
CONDYLAR POSITION
938 Anterior Condylar Position
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
944 Posterior Condylar Position
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
950 Superior Condylar Position
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
956 Inferior Condylar Position
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
CHANGES IN CONDYLAR AND CORONOID SIZE
962 Small Condyle
C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
968 Large Condyle
C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
972 Large Coronoid Process
Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
CONDYLAR EROSION
974 Well-Defined Erosion
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc
980 Poorly Defined Erosion
David Hatcher, DDS, MSc
CHANGES IN TMJ DENSITY
984 TMJ Low-Density Entities
C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C)
986 TMJ High-Density Entities
C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
MISCELLANEOUS
990 Calcifications Associated With the TMJ
C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
992 Soft Tissue Calcifications, Head and Neck
Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS
SECTION 8: TMJ CLINICAL DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES
RANGE OF MOTION
998 Limited Oral Opening
Jeffrey P. Okeson, DMD, Isabel Moreno-Hay, DDS, PhD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
1004 Hypermobility
Jeffrey P. Okeson, DMD, Isabel Moreno-Hay, DDS, PhD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
SOUNDS
1006 Joint Sounds
Jeffrey P. Okeson, DMD, Isabel Moreno-Hay, DDS, PhD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
1008 Tinnitus
C. Douglas Phillips, MD, FACR and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
OCCLUSION/SYMMETRY CHANGES
1014 Asymmetry
Jeffrey P. Okeson, DMD, Isabel Moreno-Hay, DDS, PhD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
1020 Anterior Open Bite
Jeffrey P. Okeson, DMD, Isabel Moreno-Hay, DDS, PhD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
1026 Posterior Open Bite
Jeffrey P. Okeson, DMD, Isabel Moreno-Hay, DDS, PhD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
SECTION 9: SDB RISK FACTORS, RADIOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES
NASAL CAVITY AND PARANASAL SINUSES
1034 Blocked Nasal Valves
Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
1038 Large Nasal Turbinates
Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
1042 Sinonasal Fibroosseous and Cartilaginous Lesions
Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C)
1044 Paranasal Sinus Lesions Without Bony Destruction
Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C)
1048 Paranasal Sinus Lesions With Bony Destruction
Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C)
1052 Perforated Nasal Septum
Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C) and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
1054 Nasal Lesion Without Bony Destruction
Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C)
1058 Nasal Lesion With Bony Destruction
Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C)
NASOPHARYNX
1062 Soft Tissue Entities in Nasopharynx
Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
OROPHARYNX
1068 Soft Tissue Enlargement of Lateral Pharyngeal Wall
Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
1072 Soft Tissue Between Tongue and Epiglottis
Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
SECTION 10: SDB RISK FACTORS, CLINICAL DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES
CHANGES IN CRANIOFACIAL MORPHOLOGY AND POSITION
1078 Convex Facial Profile
Steve Carstensen, DDS, FAGD, FACD, FICD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
1080 Small Maxilla
Steve Carstensen, DDS, FAGD, FACD, FICD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
1082 Forward Head Posture
Steve Carstensen, DDS, FAGD, FACD, FICD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
CHANGES IN BREATHING PATTERN
1084 Nasal Obstruction
Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc and Steve Carstensen, DDS, FAGD, FACD, FICD
CHANGES IN TEETH
1088 Flared and Proclined Teeth
Steve Carstensen, DDS, FAGD, FACD, FICD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
1092 Crossbite
Steve Carstensen, DDS, FAGD, FACD, FICD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
OTHER FACIAL CHANGES
1096 Dark Circles Under Eyes
Steve Carstensen, DDS, FAGD, FACD, FICD and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
SECTION 11: IMAGING OF TMJ PROCEDURES
OROFACIAL PAIN AND TMJ INJECTIONS
1100 TMJ Injection
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA
1102 Trigeminal Nerve Injection
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
1106 Scalp Block for Migraines and Facial Pain
Daewoong Lee, MD
1110 Trigger Points
Daewoong Lee, MD and Kaan Orhan, DDS, MSc, MHM, PhD, BA
TMJ SURGERY
1112 Total Joint Replacement
Louis G. Mercuri, DDS, MS, Gary Warburton, DDS, MD, FACS, and Colin J. Stanhope, DDS, MD
1124 TMJ Disc Replacement
Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, Gary Warburton, DDS, MD, FACS, and Colin J. Stanhope, DDS, MD
1126 TMJ Arthroscopic Surgery Cascade
Reem H. Hossameldin, BDS, MSc, PhD and Joseph P. McCain, DMD
SECTION 12: IMAGING OF SURGICAL PROCEDURES FOR SDB
SINONASAL PROCEDURES
1132 Septoplasty and Turbinate Reduction
Soroush Zaghi, MD, Chirag Govardhan, MD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
1134 Adenoidectomy
Soroush Zaghi, MD, Chirag Govardhan, MD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
1136 Tonsillectomy
Soroush Zaghi, MD, Chirag Govardhan, MD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc
MAXILLARY-MANDIBULAR ADVANCEMENT
1138 Introduction to Orthognathic Surgery
Michael Gunson, DDS, MD
1144 LeFort 1 Osteotomy
Michael Gunson, DDS, MD
1148 Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomies
Michael Gunson, DDS, MD
1154 MMA for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Michael Gunson, DDS, MD